SharePoint Installation Types
When you install SharePoint, you can choose different types of deployments and installation types.
There are three main ways to install and use SharePoint.
SharePoint Foundation
SharePoint Foundation ships as a free, downloadable install and represents the foundation parts of SharePoint. It includes a number of features such as security and administration, user and Team site collaboration, and a number of apps (such as document libraries and lists). In essence, it provides a baseline set of features that enable you to get started with both using and developing for SharePoint.Although the functionality that ships in SharePoint Foundation is less broad than that which ships in SharePoint Server, downloading and installing SharePoint Foundation costs you nothing. You can get up and running very quickly with this version and begin your development work using it. In SharePoint 2013, though, you also have the ability to create SharePoint Online sites very quickly —and have a rich development model there as well.
SharePoint Server
SharePoint Server offers a wealth of features that extend upon those offered in SharePoint
Foundation. These features include additional app types, Offi ce server-side services such as Word and Excel Services, enhanced search versions, enhanced BI, and much more.
Office 365
Offi ce 365 has emerged as a third, fully cloud-hosted model for SharePoint — as opposed to hosting your own farm in your own on-premises Data Center. It has also become a great place where you can develop rich applications (both as SharePoint-hosted and cloud-hosted apps) and scale without the cost of managing the on-premises infrastructure. It doesn’t have all the same services and features as SharePoint Server, but does carry with it some great development capabilities. As a developer, you have the capability to customize any of the SharePoint editions, whether it’s SharePoint Foundation, Server, or Offi ce 365.
information courtesy: Beginning sharepoint 2013
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